Fuel injection system for internal combustion engine

ABSTRACT

In a port fuel injection lean burn engine, attaching of fuel spray onto a wall surface, which is a problem at atomizing injected fuel, is reduced, and the quality and shaping state of the mixed gas in cylinders of the engine is improved.  
     The engine comprises a fuel injector  1;  an intake valve  6  for opening and closing an intake port; and an intake air flow control device  10.  The injected fuel is shaped in a low penetration fuel spray when the engine is operated in a low load and low rotation speed, and the injected fuel is shaped in a high penetration fuel spray when the engine is operated in a high load and high rotation speed. The fuel is injected in synchronism with the intake stroke of the engine, and is transported by the air flow flowing through the intake air flow control device  10  to suppress attaching of fuel spray onto a wall surface.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0001] 1. Field of the Invention

[0002] The present invention relates to a fuel injection system for an internal combustion engine, and particularly to a technology for controlling fuel to attach onto a wall surface of an intake manifold by controlling penetration of fuel spray (fuel spray travel).

[0003] 2. Prior Art

[0004] As a known conventional fuel injection system, a system is disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No.5-126012. In this publication, it is described that since rotation speed of an engine is low and closing time of the intake valve is long when the engine is operated in a low speed range such as at starting operation or at idling operation, the fuel spray from the fuel injector of electromagnetic type is preferably suspended inside the intake manifold, and the penetration force of the fuel spray is preferably weak and the fuel becomes fine liquid droplets.

[0005] It is also described that on the other hand, since rotation speed of the engine is high and closing time of the intake valve is short as the rotation speed of the engine is brought from a middle speed range to a high speed range, the fuel spray must be rapidly supplied to the combustion chamber without being attached onto the inner wall surface of the intake manifold, and accordingly the penetration force of the spray needs to be strong.

[0006] In the system described in the publication, the electronic control fuel injection system for internal combustion engine of a multi-point injection type has an electromagnetic fuel injector for injecting fuel toward a dish portion of the intake valve for each cylinder, wherein the shape of fuel spray is varied depending on an operating condition of the engine by detecting the operating condition of the engine, and by driving a fuel spray shape varying means of the electromagnetic fuel injector using the detected signal.

[0007] The system varies the fuel spray shape by controlling a ratio of a swirl fuel component to a non-swirl fuel component. The swirl force of the swirl fuel component is added when the fuel passes through a fuel passage (groove) for introducing the fuel eccentrically to an axis, the fuel passage being formed in a fuel swirling element.

[0008] On the other hand, the non-swirl component is fuel passing through a gap between an inner peripheral surface of the fuel swirling element and a ball composing the valve body. For example, when the size of the gap is increased, an amount of fuel leaking through the gap is increased to increase the non-swirl component, and the shape of the fuel spray becomes a shape having a small injection angle which is suitable for high speed operation of the engine.

[0009] In the system described above, a piezoelectric element is used in order to vary the size of the gap between the inner peripheral surface of the fuel swirling element and the ball composing the valve body. Therefore, the fuel spray shape varying means using the piezoelectric element needs to be formed in a very narrow space of a nozzle end portion of the fuel injector, which causes a problem of improving the productivity.

[0010] Further, it is necessary to take the wiring to the piezoelectric element into consideration. In addition, the problem of reliability such as change in characteristic and durability of the piezoelectric element should be considered.

[0011] In the above-mentioned publication, no consideration is paid on a system for injecting fuel so as to meet the timing of fuel injection with the timing of intake stroke. A lean burn engine is an engine in which a lean mixed gas is burned, and the mixed gas is made lean by employing a fuel injection method of injecting fuel from a fuel injector provided in each cylinder (multi-point injection system: MPI) and by performing fuel injection in synchronism with intake stroke.

[0012] In a fuel injection system required to perform fuel injection in synchronism with intake stroke used, for example, in the such an engine described above, a time lag (transport lag) until the injected fuel spray reaches the inside of the cylinder becomes a problem. In a case where the penetration force of fuel spray is varied, the time until the fuel spray reaches to the inside of the cylinder is different between a fuel spray having a high penetration and a fuel spray having a low penetration. Therefore, it is necessary to take the transport lag of the fuel spray into consideration.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0013] A first object of the present invention is to make the penetration of fuel spray controllable without large modification of the fuel injector. A second object of the present invention is to reduce the transport lag of the fuel spray even when the penetration of fuel spray is varied.

[0014] In order to attain the above first object, a swirl velocity component and an axial velocity component of fuel are varied by controlling a rising speed of a valve body of the fuel injector. In detail, by increasing a speed of opening the valve to rapidly increase a swirl force of fuel, the swirl velocity component of the fuel is strengthened and the axial velocity component is weakened. By doing so, a fuel spray having a small penetration force (a low penetration fuel spray) can be obtained.

[0015] On the other hand, by decreasing the speed of opening the valve and then gradually increasing a swirl force of fuel, at the initial stage of the fuel injection, the swirl velocity component of the fuel is weakened and the axial velocity component is strengthened. By doing so, a fuel spray having a large penetration force (a high penetration fuel spray) can be obtained. Because the method does not need modification of the structure nor does not cause complexity in the constitution of internal parts, the method described above has advantages of very low cost and improvement in the reliability compared to the method of mechanical operation.

[0016] In order to attain the above second object, an intake air velocity is changed corresponding to the high penetration fuel spray or the low penetration fuel spray by varying a cross-sectional area of an intake passage in an upstream side of the fuel injector. In detail, in a case of the low penetration fuel spray in which the fuel spray can reach only at a position upstream of the intake valve, the transport lag of the fuel spray is reduced by increasing the velocity of the intake air flow velocity. Increasing of the velocity of the intake air flow velocity may be performed by decreasing the cross-sectional area of the intake air passage.

[0017] In that case, the intake air flow in a bending passage of the intake manifold is guided in a passage wall side opposite to a position of the intake manifold where the fuel injector is arranged. Thereby, it is possible to prevent the fuel spray from attaching onto the passage wall in the opposite side of the position of the intake manifold where the fuel injector is arranged, or to reduce an amount of fuel spray attaching onto the passage wall.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0018]FIG. 1 is partially cross-sectional views showing a cylinder of a multi-cylinder internal combustion engine mounting a fuel injector of the present embodiment, and FIG. 1 (a) shows flow of fuel spray and intake air in a case where an operating state of the engine is in a low load and low rotation speed state, and FIG. (b) shows flow of fuel spray and intake air in a case where an operating state of the engine is in a high load and high rotation speed state;

[0019]FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the total construction of an embodiment of a control system of an engine mounting an embodiment of a fuel injector in accordance with the present invention;

[0020]FIG. 3 (a) is a cross-sectional view showing the fuel injector of FIG. 1, and FIG. 3 (b) is a cross-sectional view showing the fuel injector being taken on the plane of the line I-I of FIG. 3 (a);

[0021]FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing the construction of an embodiment of a fuel injection system in accordance with the present invention;

[0022]FIG. 5 (a) is charts showing a waveform of the valve behavior in a case where an operating state of the engine is in a low load and low rotation speed state, and FIG. 5 (b) is charts showing a waveform of the valve behavior in a case where an operating state of the engine is in a high load and high rotation speed state; and

[0023]FIG. 6 (a) is charts showing another embodiment of a waveform of the valve behavior in a case where an operating state of the engine is in a low load and low rotation speed state, and FIG. 6 (b) is charts showing another embodiment of a waveform of the valve behavior in a case where an operating state of the engine is in a high load and high rotation speed state.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION

[0024] An embodiment of a fuel injection system for an internal combustion engine in accordance with the present invention will be described below in detail, referring to the accompanied drawings.

[0025] Initially, the whole construction of the engine control system comprising the embodiment of the fuel injection system (the fuel injector 1) in accordance with the present invention will be described, referring to FIG. 2.

[0026] In each of cylinders 9 of an internal combustion engine 100 composed of four cylinders (only one of the four cylinders is illustrated in the figure), a combustion chamber is formed by arranging an ignition plug 12, and an intake valve 6 and an exhaust valve 7, and a piston 8 reciprocally moving in the cylinder 9. In this embodiment, the engine is of a 4-cylinder engine, but number of the cylinders is not limited to four. In each of the cylinders 9, an intake manifold 18 and an exhaust manifold 19 opened and closed by the intake valve 6 and the exhaust valve 7 respectively are arranged. In the intake manifold 18, an intake air flow sensor 2 for measuring a mass flow rate of intake air, which is one of operating state detecting means; and a throttle sensor 4 for measuring an opening degree of a throttle valve 3 are appropriately arranged.

[0027] Further, a cooling water sensor 14 for measuring cooling water of the engine; and a crank angle sensor 13 for measuring a rotation speed of the engine are appropriately arranged. Air flowing through an air cleaner 20 provided in an upstream of the intake manifold 18 is controlled its flow rate by the throttle valve 3, and is mixed with gasoline injected in an appropriate fuel spray characteristic from each of the fuel injectors 1 of the fuel injection system to be supplied to each of the cylinders 9. The fuel injectors 1 are individually arranged in the upstream of the cylinders 9 of the 4-cylinder internal combustion engine 100 to form the fuel injection method of multi-point injection (MPI) system.

[0028] On the other hand, fuel from a fuel tank 21 is pumped up and pressurized by a fuel pump 22, and then conducted to a fuel inlet of the fuel injector 1 through a fuel pipe 23 having a pressure regulator 15. The fuel conducted to the fuel injector 1 is controlled to a constant fuel pressure by a fuel pressure regulator 16, and the extra fuel is returned to the fuel tank 21.

[0029] Exhaust gas burned in each of the cylinders 9 is conducted to a catalyst converter (not shown) through an exhaust manifold 19 to be cleaned, and then exhausted. In the exhaust manifold 19, there is arranged an air-fuel ratio sensor 17 for output a wide-ranged and linear air-fuel ratio signal in proportion to an oxygen concentration in the exhaust gas.

[0030] An output signal 2 s indicating an amount of intake air obtained from the intake air flow sensor 2, an output signal 4 s from the throttle sensor 4, and signals 14 s, 13 s and 17 s from the cooling water sensor 14, the crank angle sensor 13 and the air-fuel ratio sensor 17 are input to an engine control unit (control unit C/U) 11 as electric signals indicating an operating state of the internal combustion engine 100.

[0031] The control unit 11 is arranged in a vehicle body or an engine room, and executes necessary calculation processing based on the electric signals indicating the operating state of the internal combustion engine 100 from the various kinds of sensors, and outputs signals for performing to open and close the fuel injector 1 for injecting and supplying fuel, to drive the ignition plug 12, and to open and close an idle speed control valve (ISC) 5 for controlling so that a rotation speed of the engine at idling operation may become a target rotation speed in order to perform the optimum control for the operating state, and at the same time controls the fuel pump 22 and a swirl control valve drive unit 10.

[0032] Further, the control unit 11 outputs a command signal to perform fuel injection to each of the cylinders 9 so as to synchronize the timing of fuel injection with an intake stroke of each of the cylinders 9. The control unit 11 is composed of an I/O as an input/output interface, a calculation processor unit MPU, memory units RAM and ROM storing many control programs, a timer counter and so on.

[0033] In the control unit 11, a fuel injection amount setting means, which is formed by executing calculation based on a control program by the calculation processing unit MPU, calculates a required fuel amount to be supplied to the cylinder 9 from the fuel injector 1 based on the detected intake air flow rate and a set air-fuel ratio, and calculates a required injection pulse width (a valve opening time period of the fuel injector 1) based on the required fuel amount, a flow rate gradient and an ineffective injection pulse width of the injection amount characteristic of the fuel injector 1 to output a drive signal is so that the fuel injector 1 may perform valve opening for the time period of the injection pulse based on the required injection pulse width.

[0034] Further, the fuel injection amount setting means formed by executing calculation based on a control program by the calculation processing unit MPU calculates an injection timing of the fuel injector 1 based on the intake air amount and an engine rotation speed and so on to synchronize with the intake stroke of the internal combustion engine 100, and at the same time sets the fuel injection timing during the intake stroke to the optimum timing. Based on the timing, the fuel injection amount setting means outputs drive signals 1 s, 12 s, 10 s to the fuel injector 1, the ignition plug 12 and the swirl control valve drive unit 10, respectively.

[0035] The swirl control valve drive unit 10 is a unit for opening and closing a swirl control valve (SCV) 10 a which is an air flow speed accelerating means for generating a tumble flow (tumble swirl), and is arranged in the upstream of the fuel injector 1. The SCV 10 a makes the flow passage area (cross-sectional area of the flow passage) of the intake manifold 18 narrow by being driven toward the closed direction to increase the velocity of air by the tumble swirl.

[0036] As described above, the SCV 10 a is a movable member for varying the area projected on the flow passage of the intake manifold to form an opening-and-closing device for opening and closing part of the flow passage.

[0037] Therein, the meaning that the optimum mixed gas is formed by the MPI system to improve the combustion in the internal combustion engine 100 having the fuel injector 1 is that attaching of the injected fuel onto the wall surface is suppressed to solve the time lag of the fuel reaching to the cylinder 9 and to improve the quality and shaping state of the mixed gas inside the cylinder 9.

[0038] The time lag of the fuel reaching to the cylinder 9 is composed of a transport lag of the injected fuel from the time point when the fuel is injected from the fuel injector 1 to the time point when the fuel is actually taken in the cylinder 9; and a calculation lag and a process lag from the time point when the required injection amount is calculated from the intake air flow rate detected from the intake air flow sensor 2 and so on to the timing when the fuel is injected from the fuel injector 1.

[0039] In order to solve the time lag of the injected fuel, it is necessary that the fuel injector 1 injects the fuel in synchronism with the intake stroke of the cylinder 9 based on new data of the intake air flow sensor 2 and that all the fuel injected by the fuel injector 1 is taken in the cylinder 9 in the intake stroke.

[0040] Therefore, in order to attain the above time lag problem, the injection of fuel by the fuel injector 1 must be completed at an appropriate timing of the intake stroke of the cylinder 9. That is, it means that all the fuel injected through the fuel injector 1 has been taken into the cylinder 9 during the short time period from opening to closing of the intake valve 6. In that case, taking the fuel injection time period (the injection pulse width) into consideration, it is necessary to prevent the injected fuel from attaching onto the inner wall surface of the intake manifold 18.

[0041] Further, the quality and shaping state of the mixed gas inside the cylinder 9 means that the mixed gas is formed in a lean state, and only a flammable and dense mixed gas is gathered around the ignition plug. One of effective means to improve the quality and shaping state of the mixed gas is to develop atomizing the injected fuel. Since kinetic energy of the atomized injected fuel is smaller than that of spray fuel having a normal droplet size, the atomized injected fuel takes a longer time to travel to the cylinder 9.

[0042] Therefore, in order to avoid the longer time travel, by the synergistic effect of a kinetic energy control means for the atomized fuel (a means for controlling penetration of the fuel spray) and a fuel injection timing setting means, an injection timing for shaping a further optimum mixed gas state is set within the fuel injection timing during the intake stroke so that only a flammable and dense mixed gas may be gathered around the ignition plug 12 to improve the quality of the mixed gas.

[0043]FIG. 1 is partially cross-sectional views showing the fuel injector 1 mounted on a multi-cylinder internal combustion engine, and shows shapes of the mixed gas which can be formed in the present embodiment.

[0044] The intake manifold has a bent passage in the upstream side of the valve seat of the intake valve, and the shaft of the intake valve is inserted from the passage wall in the outer side of the bent passage. The fuel injector 1 is arranged in the upstream side of the position where the shaft of the intake valve is inserted so that the fuel spray may be injected into the intake manifold from the passage wall in the outer side.

[0045] The swirl control valve 10 a is arranged in the further upstream side of the position where the fuel spray is injected into the intake manifold from the fuel injector, and is disposed so as to open and close the passage cross section from the center of the intake manifold to the side where the fuel injector is disposed. That is, about a half of the total cross-sectional area of the passage can be opened and closed.

[0046]FIG. 1 (a) shows intake air flow in the intake manifold 18 and a formed shape of fuel spray from the fuel injector 1 (in a state that the kinetic energy of the fuel spray is small, that is, in a state of a low penetration fuel spray having a small penetrating force) in a case where an operating state of the internal combustion engine 100 is in a low load and low rotation speed state.

[0047] On the other hand, FIG. 1 (b) shows intake air flow in the intake manifold 18 and a formed shape of fuel spray from the fuel injector 1 (in a state that the kinetic energy of the fuel spray is large, that is, in a state of a high penetration fuel spray having a large penetrating force) in a case where an operating state of the internal combustion engine 100 is in a high load and high rotation speed state.

[0048] The reference character 110 indicates one of the cylinders 9 of the multi-cylinder internal combustion engine, the reference character 6 indicates the intake valve opening and closing the intake port 25, the reference character 6 a indicates the dish portion of the intake valve 6, the reference character 10 a indicates the swirl control valve, the reference character 18 indicates the intake manifold, the reference character 18 a indicates the intake air flow, and the reference character 26 indicates the combustion chamber.

[0049] Therein, the operating state of the internal combustion engine 100 is obtained by necessary calculation processing based on the electric signals output from the various kinds of sensors arranged in the vehicle body or in the engine room. The low load and low rotation speed state in the present embodiment means a state within a range of an engine water temperature of 20 to 30° C. and an engine rotation speed of 1000 to 2000 rpm to an engine water temperature of 80° C. and an engine rotation speed of 600 to 900 rpm, that is, a state of what is called idle operation within the above target engine rotation speed.

[0050] On the other hand, the high load and high rotation speed state means a state in which the throttle valve 3 is an almost fully opened state. In that state, pressure in the intake manifold 18 is within a range of 81 kPa to 101 kPa (atmospheric pressure). On the other hand, during idling operation, the pressure in the intake manifold 18 is within a range of 28 kPa to 41 kPa.

[0051] As shown in FIG. 1 (a), when the shape of the fuel spray from the fuel injector 1 is a low penetration fuel spray having a small penetration force in which the front end of the fuel spray is positioned near the center of the intake manifold 18, the fuel is transported into the combustion chamber 26 by being conveyed on the intake air flow of which the velocity is increased in the wall side opposite to the fuel spray. The velocity-increased intake air flow is formed when the swirl control valve 10 a closes the portion of the passage from the center of the intake manifold to the side where the fuel injector 1 is arranged (one-half of the total area of the passage).

[0052] On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 1 (b), when the shape of the fuel spray from the fuel injector 1 is a high penetration fuel spray having a large penetration force in which the front end of the fuel spray is formed close to the dish portion 6 a of the intake valve 6, the fuel spray penetrates through the intake air flow flowing around the front end 1 a of the fuel injector 1 to be transported into the combustion chamber 26.

[0053] According to the construction described above, by the high penetration fuel spray in the high load and high rotation speed state, or by increasing the velocity of the intake air flow in the low load and low rotation speed state, the atomized injected fuel can be transported into the cylinder 9 without increasing the time period of the fuel traveling to the combustion chamber 26. Therefore, the fuel injection can be completed within the intake stroke, and only the flammable dense mixed gas can be gathered around the ignition plug 12.

[0054] Further, since the swirl control valve 10 a closes the portion of the passage in the arranging side of the fuel injector 1 to guide the intake air flow to the passage wall side opposite to the arranging side of the fuel injector 1, the fuel spray having a wide spray angle caused by the low penetration fuel spray can be prevented from or reducing of attaching onto the passage wall in the side opposite to the arranging side of the fuel injector 1.

[0055] Description will be made below on the structure and the operation of the fuel injector 1 capable of forming such fuel sprays described above, referring to FIG. 3. FIG. 3 (a) is a cross-sectional view showing the fuel injector 1, and FIG. 3 (b) is a cross-sectional view showing the fuel injector being taken on the plane of the line I-I of FIG. 3 (a).

[0056] The fuel injector 1 performs injection of fuel by opening and closing a seat portion based on an ON-OFF signal of a duty calculated by the control unit. A magnetic circuit is composed of a cylindrical yoke 27 with bottom, a core 28 and a plunger 29 facing the core 28 through a gap. A rod 30 with a fuel passage 31 inside and a valve body 32 connected to the rod 30 are joined to the plunger 29, and the valve body 32 performs opening and closing of a seat face formed in a nozzle member 33.

[0057] Further, a spring 34 as an elastic member pressing the valve body 32 to the seat face is arranged in the center of the core 28, and a spring adjuster 35 inserted through the center of the core 28 in order to adjust a set load is arranged in the upper end of the spring 34. A coil 36 for exciting the magnetic circuit is wound around a bobbin 37, and the outer periphery is molded with a plastic material. A terminal 38 of the coil 36 is connected to a terminal of the control unit, not shown.

[0058] On the other hand, guiding for smoothly moving the valve body 32 in the axial direction is performed by a guide portion 30 a provided in the valve body 32 and an inner wall of a cylindrical fuel swirl member 39 inserted into an inner wall of a hollow portion of the nozzle member 33. The fuel swirl member 39 is one of the fuel atomizing means. In the nozzle member 33, a seat face for seating the valve body 32 is formed following to the cylindrical fuel swirl member 39, and a fuel injection hole 42 for allowing fuel to pass through is formed in the center of the seat face.

[0059]FIG. 3 (b) is a cross-sectional view showing the fuel swirl member 39 of the fuel atomizing means. The fuel is introduced from the upper side of the valve body 32 to flow to the fuel swirl member 39. The fuel introduced from a axial passage 40 is introduced by a radial passage 41 sufficiently eccentric to the valve axis so as to sufficiently add swirl energy to the fuel. Atomizing of the fuel is further developed by constructing an annular gap formed between the valve body 32 and the seat face at opening the valve body 32 so as to reduce hydrodynamic loss.

[0060] Further, the valve body 32 is operated in high speed by controlling waveform of the current input to the coil 36, and the valve body 32 is opened and closed in a short time to cause rapid change in pressure of the injected fuel during the operation. By such a construction, swirl energy enough to develop the atomization is added to the fuel in the fuel injection hole 42. The fuel injection hole 42 is designed so that the supplied energy may be effectively discharged outside the hole. For example, the length of the hole is shortened in order to reduce hydrodynamic loss in the axial direction of the hole.

[0061] In a case where a atomizing method other than the method of using swirl of the fuel, for example, a method of making the injected fuel in a thin-film shape to develop atomization by forming the injection hole portion in a very narrow annular gap, the present embodiment can be used.

[0062] The operation of the fuel injector 1 will be described below. The fuel injector 1 performs fuel injection control by operating the valve body 32 to open and close the seat face according to the electric ON-OFF signal supplied to the coil 36. When the electric signal from the control unit 11 is supplied to the coil 36, a magnetic circuit is formed by the core 28, the yoke 27 and the plunger 29 to attract the plunger 29 toward the core 28 side. As the plunger 29 is moved, the valve body 32 formed together with the plunger in a one-piece structure is also moved to be detached from the seat face of the valve seat of the nozzle member 33 and accordingly to open the fuel injection hole 42.

[0063] The fuel is pressurized and regulated through the fuel pump and the regulator for adjusting the fuel pressure, and flows into the inside of the fuel injector 1, and then is injected out of the fuel injection hole 42 via the inner passage 31 of the valve body 30, the outer peripheral portion of the valve body 32, and the axial direction passage 40 and the radial direction passage of the fuel swirl member 39.

[0064] The method of controlling the penetration of the fuel spray will be described below, referring to FIG. 4, FIG. 5 and FIG. 6. The control of penetration of the fuel spray in the fuel injector 1 of the present embodiment is adjusted by the intensity of swirl force (swirl force) of the fuel added to the injected fuel. In detail, the valve opening speed up to the full stroke the valve body 32 is controlled. That is, when the valve opening speed is increased, the swirl force of the fuel is instantaneously increased to strengthen the swirl velocity component of the fuel and weaken the axial velocity component. Therefore, the penetration force of the fuel spray is weakened to obtain the low penetration fuel spray.

[0065] On the other hand, when the valve opening speed is decreased, the swirl force of the fuel is gradually increased, and accordingly the swirl velocity component is weak and the axial velocity component is strong during the initial stage of injection. Therefore, the penetration force of the fuel spray is strengthened to obtain the high penetration fuel spray.

[0066]FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing the construction of the present embodiment of the fuel injection system. In order to control conduction of current to the coil 36, one terminal of the coil is connected to a power transistor 54 and the other terminal is grounded through a current detecting resistor 57 and connected to a power transistor 56 in parallel. The base of the power transistor 54 is connected to a current control circuit 53, and the other is connected to a battery power source 58.

[0067] On the other hand, the base of the power transistor 56 is connected to the current control circuit 53, but the other is connected to the coil 36 through a diode 55. Signals from the engine controller 11 and a current comparator 52 are input to the current control circuit 53, but the signal from the engine controller 11 is a command pulse signal (pulse width Ti) determined corresponding to an operating state of the engine, and a signal from the current comparator 52 is a compared signal between a coil current and a target current.

[0068] The current control circuit 53 operates the power transistors 54, 56 corresponding to an ignition command pulse, and the power transistor 54 side performs control patterns up to a target peak current Ip by ON-OFF operation, and after reaching the target current value, the power transistor 56 repeat ON-OFF operation in order to conduct a hold current smaller than the target current value to the coil 36.

[0069]FIG. 5 shows input current waveforms and applied voltage waveforms to the coil, and displacement waveform of the valve body 32.

[0070]FIG. 5 (a) shows a case where in order to shorten the time period reaching the target peak current value Ip, the time width of the applied voltage is changed from large width to small width, and then the current is switching to the hold current value Ih to repeating ON-OFF operation with a constant time interval. By the control described above, the displacement of the valve is rapidly raised up to the full stroke (valve opening time To) after a dead time Tc.

[0071]FIG. 5 (b) shows a case where the time width of the applied voltage is controlled to be gradually increased from a small width to a large width so that the target peak current value may become nearly equal to the hold current value Ih. By the control described above, the displacement of the valve is slowly raised up to the full stroke.

[0072] The displacement of the valve shown in FIG. 5 (a) makes the fuel injected from the fuel injector 1 in a shape of low penetration fuel spray. The displacement of the valve shown in FIG. 5 (b) makes the fuel injected from the fuel injector 1 in a shape of high penetration fuel spray. In the figure, the reference character Tb indicates a time lag of closing the valve.

[0073]FIG. 6 shows another embodiment of voltage waveform applied to the coil 36.

[0074]FIG. 6 (a) shows a method in which in order to shorten the time period reaching the target peak current value Ip, the applied voltage is continuously input for a preset time period, and then the current is switching to the hold current value Ih. This method is a peak hold method, and the actual effective voltage of the applied voltage is controlled so as to be equivalent to that of FIG. 5 (a).

[0075]FIG. 6 (b) shows a method in which the applied voltage is input stepwise so as to gradually reach the target hold current value Ih, and the actual effective voltage of the applied voltage is also controlled so as to be equivalent to that of FIG. 5 (b). By the control described above, the behavior of the valve displacement can be similar to that of the first embodiment.

[0076] In addition to the penetration control methods of the present embodiments, various change and modification may be made in design, for example, the swirl force of fuel can be varied by mechanically moving the fuel swirl member 39.

[0077] Further, in order to shorten the time period reaching the target peak current value Ip, the applied voltage to the coil may be increased. Therefore, for example, when a high penetration fuel spray is formed, the rise of the valve body can be made slower the that in forming a low penetration fuel spray by decreasing the applied voltage at the beginning of driving the valve body.

[0078] As described above, the present embodiment has the following functions. In the fuel injector 1 of the MPI system, since the fuel can be atomized because the fuel injector 1 uses the fuel swirl member 39, and the penetration control of the fuel spray is performed corresponding to the operating state of the internal combustion engine 100, the quality and shaping state of the mixed gas inside the cylinder 9 can be improved.

[0079] Further, the fuel injector 1 can inject a required injection amount of fuel in a short time at an optimum position during the intake stroke, and can form an optimum mixed gas in the combustion chamber 26 by eliminating time lag.

[0080] Furthermore, since the internal combustion engine 100 has the swirl control valve 10 a for accelerating air flow velocity in the intake manifold 18 and the fuel spray from the fuel injector 1 is the low penetration fuel spray to the velocity accelerated air flow in the intake manifold 18, attaching of the injected fuel onto the wall surface and the transport time lag due to the atomization can be solved.

[0081] According to the present invention, since the penetration force of the fuel spray is varied by changing the displacement speed of the valve body, the penetration force of the fuel spray can be controlled without large change in the structure of the fuel injector.

[0082] Further, when the penetration force of the fuel spray is varied, the transport time lag of the fuel spray can be reduced by changing the intake air velocity flowing in the intake manifold. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A fuel injection system for an internal combustion engine comprising a fuel injector for injecting fuel, said fuel injector having a fuel passage adding a swirl force to the fuel, said fuel injector being opened by driving a valve body toward a direction apart from a valve seat; and a controller for controlling driving of said valve body, wherein said controller controls driving of said valve body so that a rising speed of said valve body at valve opening may be slower when the internal combustion engine is operated in a high load and high rotation speed state than when the internal combustion engine is operated in a low load and low rotation speed state.
 2. A fuel injection system for an internal combustion engine comprising a fuel injector for injecting fuel, said fuel injector having a fuel passage adding a swirl force to the fuel, said fuel injector being opened by driving a valve body toward a direction apart from a valve seat; and a controller for controlling driving of said valve body, wherein said controller controls driving of said valve body so that a time required until said valve body is moved from a closed state by a preset stroke to be opened may be longer when the internal combustion engine is operated in a high load and high rotation speed state than when the internal combustion engine is operated in a low load and low rotation speed state.
 3. A fuel injection system for an internal combustion engine according to any one of claims 1 and 2, wherein said fuel injector is an electromagnetic valve which drives the valve body by switching voltage applied to a coil among a plurality of voltage values to vary an electromagnetic force, and said controller controls a voltage applying time period from a time point of switching the voltage from a first voltage value to a second voltage value in order to drive said valve body toward the valve opening direction to a time point of again switching the voltage applied to the coil to said first voltage value while said valve body is being moved from a closed state by a preset stroke to be opened so that the voltage applying time period in the following time may be longer than the voltage applying time period in the preceding time when the internal combustion engine is operated in a high load and high rotation speed state, and so that the voltage applying time period in the following time may be shorter than the voltage applying time period in the preceding time when the internal combustion engine is operated in a low load and low rotation speed state.
 4. A fuel injection system for an internal combustion engine according to any one of claims 1 and 2, wherein said fuel injector is an electromagnetic valve which drives the valve body by switching voltage applied to a coil among a plurality of voltage values to vary an electromagnetic force, and said controller controls a voltage applying time period from a time point of switching the voltage from a first voltage value to a second high voltage value in order to drive said valve body toward the valve opening direction to a time point of again switching the voltage applied to the coil to said first voltage value so that the voltage applying time period in the first time may be shorter when the internal combustion engine is operated in a high load and high rotation speed state than when the internal combustion engine is operated in a low load and low rotation speed state.
 5. A fuel injection system for an internal combustion engine according to any one of claims 1 and 2, wherein said fuel injector is an electromagnetic valve which drives the valve body by switching voltage applied to a coil among a plurality of voltage values to vary an electromagnetic force, and said controller controls a magnitude of voltage varied in order to drive said valve body toward the valve opening direction while said valve body is being moved from a closed state by a preset stroke so that the magnitude of the varied voltage in the following time may be larger than the magnitude of the varied voltage in the preceding time when the internal combustion engine is operated in a high load and high rotation speed state, and so that the magnitude of the varied voltage in the following time may be smaller than the magnitude of the varied voltage in the preceding time when the internal combustion engine is operated in a low load and low rotation speed state.
 6. A fuel injection system for an internal combustion engine according to any one of claims 1 and 2, wherein said fuel injector is an electromagnetic valve which drives the valve body by switching voltage applied to a coil among a plurality of voltage values to vary an electromagnetic force, and said controller controls a magnitude of voltage varied in order to drive said valve body toward the valve opening direction so that the magnitude of the varied voltage in the first time may be smaller when the internal combustion engine is operated in a high load and high rotation speed state than when the internal combustion engine is operated in a low load and low rotation speed state.
 7. A fuel injection system for an internal combustion engine injecting fuel inside an air intake passage for conveying air into a cylinder of said internal combustion engine, said fuel injection system injecting the fuel by varying a penetration force of the fuel corresponding to an operating state of said internal combustion engine, which comprises: a movable member arranged inside said intake air passage in an upstream side of a position where fuel spray is injected, said movable member being driven so that an area of said movable member projected on the cross section of said intake air passage may be varied; and a controller controlling said area of said movable member projected on the cross section of said intake air passage so as to be smaller when the internal combustion engine is operated in a high load and high rotation speed state than when the internal combustion engine is operated in a low load and low rotation speed state.
 8. A fuel injection system for an internal combustion engine injecting fuel inside an air intake passage for conveying air into a cylinder of said internal combustion engine, said fuel injection system injecting the fuel by varying a penetration force of the fuel corresponding to an operating state of said internal combustion engine, which comprises: an opening-and-closing device arranged inside said intake air passage in an upstream side of a position where fuel spray is injected, said opening-and-closing device opening and closing part of a cross-sectional area of said intake air passage; and a controller controlling said opening-and-closing device so that may be smaller when the internal combustion engine is operated in a high load and high rotation speed state than when the internal combustion engine is operated in a low load and low rotation speed state.
 9. A fuel injection system for an internal combustion engine injecting fuel inside an air intake passage for conveying air into a cylinder of said internal combustion engine, said fuel injection system injecting the fuel by varying a penetration force of the fuel corresponding to an operating state of said internal combustion engine, wherein one selected from a particle size of the fuel and said penetration force of the fuel is varied in accordance with at a low speed and at a high speed of the internal combustion engine.
 10. A fuel injection system for an internal combustion engine according to claim 9 , wherein said one selected from a particle size of the fuel and said penetration force of the fuel is varied in accordance with at a fuel pressure of the fuel. 